Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Induction of Apoptosis, Autophagy and Ferroptosis by Thymus vulgaris and Arctium lappa Extract in Leukemia and Multiple Myeloma Cell Lines

doi: 10.3390/molecules25215016

Figure Lengend Snippet: The proportion of different solvent extractions of T. vulgaris and A. lappa.

Article Snippet: Furthermore, we used western blotting assay for the determination of autophagy cell death. n -Hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions of T. vulgaris and A. lappa exhibited cytotoxicity in CCRF-CEM and CEM/ADR 5000 cell lines at concentration range 0.001–100 μg/mL with potential activity revealed by chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions.

Techniques: Solvent

Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Induction of Apoptosis, Autophagy and Ferroptosis by Thymus vulgaris and Arctium lappa Extract in Leukemia and Multiple Myeloma Cell Lines

doi: 10.3390/molecules25215016

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cytotoxicity of chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of T. vulgaris and A. lappa towards MM cell lines as determined by the resazurin assay.

Article Snippet: Furthermore, we used western blotting assay for the determination of autophagy cell death. n -Hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions of T. vulgaris and A. lappa exhibited cytotoxicity in CCRF-CEM and CEM/ADR 5000 cell lines at concentration range 0.001–100 μg/mL with potential activity revealed by chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions.

Techniques:

Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Induction of Apoptosis, Autophagy and Ferroptosis by Thymus vulgaris and Arctium lappa Extract in Leukemia and Multiple Myeloma Cell Lines

doi: 10.3390/molecules25215016

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cytotoxicity of chloroform fractions of T. vulgaris (TCF) and A. lappa (ACF) towards NCI-H929 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as determined by the resazurin assay. ( A ): Cytotoxicity towards normal PBMCs. ( B ): The ferroptosis inhibitors (ferrostatin-1 and deferoxamine) abrogated cytotoxicity of the extracts, indicating the role of ferroptosis cell death. Control: NCI-H929 cell without ferroptosis inhibitors.

Article Snippet: Furthermore, we used western blotting assay for the determination of autophagy cell death. n -Hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions of T. vulgaris and A. lappa exhibited cytotoxicity in CCRF-CEM and CEM/ADR 5000 cell lines at concentration range 0.001–100 μg/mL with potential activity revealed by chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions.

Techniques: Resazurin Assay, Control

Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Induction of Apoptosis, Autophagy and Ferroptosis by Thymus vulgaris and Arctium lappa Extract in Leukemia and Multiple Myeloma Cell Lines

doi: 10.3390/molecules25215016

Figure Lengend Snippet: Apoptosis induction in NCI-H929 cell lines. Annexin V/PI assay of NCI-H929 cells incubated with 0.5, 1, 2, 4 × IC 50 of chloroform fractions of ( A )- T. vulgaris (TCF) and ( B )- A. lappa (ACF) for 48 and 72 h. Morphology of NCI-H929 cell was noticed under fluorescence microscope by using 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) stain. Yellow arrows referred to apoptotic features were observed in A -TCF and B -ACF treated cells vs. untreated cells. Control: NCI-H929 cell without treatment.

Article Snippet: Furthermore, we used western blotting assay for the determination of autophagy cell death. n -Hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions of T. vulgaris and A. lappa exhibited cytotoxicity in CCRF-CEM and CEM/ADR 5000 cell lines at concentration range 0.001–100 μg/mL with potential activity revealed by chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions.

Techniques: Incubation, Fluorescence, Microscopy, Staining, Control

Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Induction of Apoptosis, Autophagy and Ferroptosis by Thymus vulgaris and Arctium lappa Extract in Leukemia and Multiple Myeloma Cell Lines

doi: 10.3390/molecules25215016

Figure Lengend Snippet: Intracellular production of reactive oxygen species in NCI-H929 cells. Results following 1 h incubation with 0.5, 1, 2, 4 × IC 50 of chloroform fractions of T. vulgaris (TCF) and A. lappa (ACF), stained with 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFH-DA) and analyzed by flow cytometry. Control: NCI-H929 cell without treatment.

Article Snippet: Furthermore, we used western blotting assay for the determination of autophagy cell death. n -Hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions of T. vulgaris and A. lappa exhibited cytotoxicity in CCRF-CEM and CEM/ADR 5000 cell lines at concentration range 0.001–100 μg/mL with potential activity revealed by chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions.

Techniques: Incubation, Staining, Flow Cytometry, Control

Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Induction of Apoptosis, Autophagy and Ferroptosis by Thymus vulgaris and Arctium lappa Extract in Leukemia and Multiple Myeloma Cell Lines

doi: 10.3390/molecules25215016

Figure Lengend Snippet: Disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in NCI-H929 cells exposed to 0.5, 1, 2, 4 × IC 50 of chloroform fractions of T. vulgaris (TCF) and A. lappa (ACF) for 24 h, stained with 5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethylbenzimidazolyl carbocyanine iodide (JC-1) and analyzed by flow cytometry. The ratio of red (JC-1 aggregate)/green (JC-1 monomer) fluorescence was used to display the effect of TCF, ACF, and valinomycin on the MMP integrity. Control: NCI-H929 cell without treatment.

Article Snippet: Furthermore, we used western blotting assay for the determination of autophagy cell death. n -Hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions of T. vulgaris and A. lappa exhibited cytotoxicity in CCRF-CEM and CEM/ADR 5000 cell lines at concentration range 0.001–100 μg/mL with potential activity revealed by chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions.

Techniques: Disruption, Membrane, Staining, Flow Cytometry, Fluorescence, Control

Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Induction of Apoptosis, Autophagy and Ferroptosis by Thymus vulgaris and Arctium lappa Extract in Leukemia and Multiple Myeloma Cell Lines

doi: 10.3390/molecules25215016

Figure Lengend Snippet: Induction of cell cycle disturbance in NCI-H929 cell lines treated with 0.5, 1, 2, 4 × IC 50 of chloroform fractions of T. vulgaris (TCF) and A. lappa (ACF) following 24, 48, and 72 h, stained with propidium iodide (PI) and analyzed by flowcytometry. Control: NCI-H929 cell without treatment.

Article Snippet: Furthermore, we used western blotting assay for the determination of autophagy cell death. n -Hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions of T. vulgaris and A. lappa exhibited cytotoxicity in CCRF-CEM and CEM/ADR 5000 cell lines at concentration range 0.001–100 μg/mL with potential activity revealed by chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions.

Techniques: Staining, Control

Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Induction of Apoptosis, Autophagy and Ferroptosis by Thymus vulgaris and Arctium lappa Extract in Leukemia and Multiple Myeloma Cell Lines

doi: 10.3390/molecules25215016

Figure Lengend Snippet: The expression of Beclin-1 and LC3B-II in human NCI-H929 cells treated with 1, 2, 4 × IC 50 of chloroform fractions of T. vulgaris (TCF) and A. lappa (ACF) for 24 h was detected by western blot analyses. The relative protein expression of Beclin-1 and LC3B-II was normalized to β-actin. Control: NCI-H929 cell without treatment.

Article Snippet: Furthermore, we used western blotting assay for the determination of autophagy cell death. n -Hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions of T. vulgaris and A. lappa exhibited cytotoxicity in CCRF-CEM and CEM/ADR 5000 cell lines at concentration range 0.001–100 μg/mL with potential activity revealed by chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions.

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Control

Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Induction of Apoptosis, Autophagy and Ferroptosis by Thymus vulgaris and Arctium lappa Extract in Leukemia and Multiple Myeloma Cell Lines

doi: 10.3390/molecules25215016

Figure Lengend Snippet: LC-ESI/MS chromatograms T. vulgaris and A. lappa extracts. ( A )-Standard compounds. (1) Apigenin, (2) Nobiletin, (3) Ursolic acid, and (4) Lupeol. ( B )- T. vulgaris chloroform fraction (TCF) and ( C )- A. lappa chloroform fraction (ACF).

Article Snippet: Furthermore, we used western blotting assay for the determination of autophagy cell death. n -Hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions of T. vulgaris and A. lappa exhibited cytotoxicity in CCRF-CEM and CEM/ADR 5000 cell lines at concentration range 0.001–100 μg/mL with potential activity revealed by chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions.

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Dietary Polyphenols and Gene Expression in Molecular Pathways Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review

doi: 10.3390/ijms21010140

Figure Lengend Snippet: Polyphenols and gene modulations on insulin signalling pathways.

Article Snippet: Polyphenol-rich ethyl acetate fraction (200 mg/kg BW) , ↑ Insr, ↑ IRS1, ↑ IRS2 ↑ Akt2, ↑ Glut4 , ↑ Insulin sensitivity , IRS1/AKT , Skeletal muscle-Sprague-Dawley rats , [ ] .

Techniques: In Vitro, Starch, Activation Assay, In Vivo